tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3347030030791398032023-11-15T05:27:02.016-08:00Yale college essayHow To Write A Evaluation Papergregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-48010776398034761562020-08-24T05:03:00.001-07:002020-08-24T05:03:03.970-07:00Views on The Role of Public Opinion Free EssaysThe constitution in America has been changed concerning the popular sentiment related parts and expressed, resounding the establishing fathers, that general society in the cutting edge world, because of the intricacy of the advanced world, are not inspired by policy driven issues, and are especially oblivious of issues they don't have involvement in, uncommonly outside undertakings. As per Walter Lippmann, an American humanist, customary individuals working just, with what he named, generalizations are not fit for getting governmental issues. Which hushes up a discriminative hypothesis. We will compose a custom paper test on Perspectives on The Role of Public Opinion or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Individuals comprehend their necessities, their needs, and their requirements for prosperity; those ought to be the main arrangement and are the sole basics of political economy. Legislators ought not think about venture and whatever else. They should just think about the prosperity of the people groups. That is the reason governments ought to be chosen from the individuals, and by the individuals here I mean the average workers. Since the common laborers is the center of the general public, and by far most of the populace. Furthermore, without whom the remainder of the populace would not take care of, dress, or even have the option to take a shot at the boulevards. Without the proletarians, all the capitalistsââ¬â¢ ranches, industrial facilities, organizations would stop and get bankrupt. What's more, in the long run individuals would starve if the proletarians quit working. Envision the mass of proficiency the proletarians have on any general public. All in all, since the effectiveness of the working class has been shown, technocracy and well known governments is the appropriate response restricting Lippmannââ¬â¢s hypothesis. Lippmann included that the essential issue of mainstream governments is that the individuals are in every case viciously prejudging issues, lack of concern, and inclination inquisitive trifling and dull significant issues, and are eager for side shows and three legged calves. What's more, that regardless of whether they improved their characters they would not be of any guide to the legislatures since they don't invest enough energy to examine policy driven issues they don't think about. Also, as though however Lippmann considers scholastic legislators live in a different universe or originate from another planet, he proceeds to under-gauge the majority and the people. Also, goes on significantly further and calls the majority shallow disapproved and consider insignificant issues. Also, that really is the issue; Lippmann feels that balanced and taught people groups ought to be remaining among honorable and highborn decision class. In the interim, what we believe is that they ought to be remaining among the average workers, supporting them with their knowledgeâ and logic, against the administration in their choices that expands the enduring of the common laborers or the poor class, supporting the legislature when they chip away at the diminishing of such torments and sufferings. It would be much simpler along these lines. While as matter of actuality, technocratic governments would just consider making the normal citizenââ¬â¢s life simpler, in light of the fact that they, themselves, have endured the regular, similarly as the normal resident previously, and keeping in mind that, being in office. It would be significantly simpler. Cooperation between the legislature and the individuals would be at its highest. Step by step instructions to refer to Views on The Role of Public Opinion, Papers gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-17144370672648092112020-08-22T00:35:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:35:22.832-07:00Junk Food free essay sampleI might want to stretch out my thankfulness to the accompanying individuals for additional help and backing in aggregating this task: * My parent, Irene Anita for supporting me monetarily * The example populace for the required data * Teachers and understudies of SSKMC for sharing their considerations and thoughts * My English instructor, Miss Dipna Kumar for her direction and backing in plotting the undertaking. * Methodology The explanation I picked this point is on the grounds that I discovered that understudies are becoming ill by eating low quality nourishment from the bottle and I have all the pertinent data gave. The accompanying strategies are utilized all together gather enough data on the subject of my examination work. Essential research Firstly, I disseminated ten surveys to the understudies of SSKMC to get their perspectives on the subject. They furnished me with a great deal of important data through which I had the option to recognize the potential impacts, focal points and drawbacks. We will compose a custom exposition test on Lousy nourishment or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page What's more, I additionally utilized my own insight and perceptions to finish this exploration venture. Auxiliary research Information for the examination was additionally accumulated from different methods. The school library was counseled. Manyâ peopleâ try to keep away from or confine suchâ foodâ in their eating regimens, out of worries that it isn't solid, regardless of the way that numerousâ foodâ manufacturers produce a scope of items which could be consideredâ junk. As indicated by (news Australia 2008) Nutritionists, specialists, and other wellbeing advocates frequently work to educateâ peopleâ aboutâ junkâ food, urging them to eat even eating regimens which contain a high extent of solid nourishments. Lollies, soda pop, potato chips, hot chips, frozen yogurt, and burgers, wieners and different sorts of remove food are called shoddy nourishment. Shoddy nourishments, for example, burgers, pizza, singed chicken and chips as a rule contain heaps of soaked fats. An excessive amount of soaked fat in the eating routine will make individuals put on weight and get fat or hefty (fat). Being overweight is a hazard to the wellbeing of the heart and can cause different illnesses. Shoddy nourishments regularly have an excess of salt. Theres a great deal of salt as of now in nourishments, for example, bread, breakfast oats and rolls and cakes. So individuals are getting more salt than they need when they eat low quality nourishment. An excessive amount of salt is unfortunate for the heart Junk food has a portion of the beneficial things that the body requirements for good wellbeing. Furthermore, the body needs some salt, fat and sugar for vitality to consume while we work and play. Anyway an excess of fat, sugar and salt is awful for our wellbeing and eating bunches of low quality nourishment will over-burden your body with these things. It is most likely OK to eat shoddy nourishment some of the time! Be that as it may, individuals should search for nourishments that are low in fats and salt and sugar. In todays time of comfort, cheap food needs no presentation. Everybody from a 2-year-old little child to a 60-year-old grandpa is by all accounts getting a charge out of it each possibility they get. What's more, why not? Its delightful, its filling, is extremely reasonable, and promptly accessible simply whenever of the day, being just a drive through call away. What more would you be able to request when you are living in the fast track? Indeed, bounty ââ¬Å" inexpensive food is all acceptable tasting, then again, actually it isn't healthfully adjusted and, along these lines, undesirable over the long haul whenever devoured all the time. Inexpensive food is stacked with calories from refined sugar and fats (particularly, the supply route obstructing soaked and hydrogenated fats, which are over and again warmed to high temperatures for singing purposes). It is additionally high in malice, originating from regular salt and different added substances. On this, cheap food is lacking in dietaryâ and fundamental miniaturized scale supplements like nutrients and minerals. To exacerbate the situation, loads of cheap food is regularly chugged down with gallons of sugar-rich colas which some drive-through j oints serve free with food as a motivating force. To make a long story short, this outcomes in accumulating of unused void calories in the body, which get put away as muscle to fat ratio till one day you look in the mirror and understand that your incredible figure has been supplanted by this animal in the mirror. In any case, that is not the finish of the story; its simply the starting devouring an excess of inexpensive food not just transforms an attractive person into an unattractive corpulent man and being truly dormant just adds to the issue of weight. Very few individuals who love cheap food are prepared to recognize that stoutness isn't just a blemish it is a significant hazard factor for an enormous number of fatal infections like hypertension, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, coronary illness, and even numerous sorts of tumors. Ongoing logical examinations have indicated that unhealthy nourishments rich in fats,â refined sugarâ and salt could reconfigure the hormones in the body so that they cause you to pine for such food sources and consistently leave you requesting more. At the end of the day, cheap food is somewhat addictive; you get snared on to it and keep devouring it in an uncontrolled manner disregarding realizing that it is Unhealthy. The more you expend, the more troublesome it is for you to select forâ healthy nourishments. The circumstance is more terrible if there should arise an occurrence of kids who from an exceptionally youthful age get snared on inexpensive food. gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-59607924162635955032020-07-17T14:44:00.001-07:002020-07-17T14:44:01.948-07:00Using Paxil for Generalized Anxiety DisorderUsing Paxil for Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD Treatment Print Using Paxil for Generalized Anxiety Disorder By Leonard Holmes Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on June 20, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on November 26, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children JGI / Jamie Grill / Getty Images Paxil (paroxetine) is an antidepressant medication approved for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and other anxiety disorders.?? It is in the same class as Prozac and Zoloft. Like other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), it was developed as a treatment for depression. Paxil was approved for the treatment of GAD in 2001 and social anxiety disorder (SAD) in 1999. It is also a prescribed treatment for panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). How Does Paxil Work? The precise mechanism responsible for the antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects of drugs like Paxil is still not completely understood. They are classified as SSRIs because they prevent the re-uptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain and nervous system. Nerve impulses are transmitted chemically between neurons in the nervous system. Neurotransmitters like serotonin are produced by one neuron. They travel between the cells and are deposited on the second neuron. It is theorized that keeping serotonin around longer results in relief of depression. What Is Generalized Anxiety Disorder? Unlike phobias where a person has a fear of a certain object or situation, generalized anxiety disorder produces free-floating anxiety that is not attached to a single source.?? People with GAD develop chronic and exaggerated worry and tension, even though nothing seems to provoke it. Those with this disorder are always anticipating disaster. They often worry excessively about health, money, family, or work. Just the thought of getting through the day may provoke anxiety. Many people with GAD realize that their anxiety is more intense than the situation warrants. This knowledge does not reduce their anxiety. They may report being unable to relax and often have trouble falling or staying asleep. Their worries are usually accompanied by physical symptoms, especially trembling, twitching, muscle tension, headaches, irritability, sweating, or hot flashes. They may feel lightheaded, out of breath, nauseated or have to go to the bathroom frequently.?? They might also feel as though they have a lump in their throat. Generalized anxiety disorder is usually treated with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of the two. It can take some time to figure out the best combination for you, so be patient and keep your doctor informed about what is and isnt working for you. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Potential Side Effects Common side effects of Paxil are nervousness, sleep difficulties (either too much or too little), restlessness, fatigue, dry mouth, nausea, headache, sweating, diarrhea, and sexual problems.?? Typically, these side effects will go away within a couple of weeks of taking the medication. Rare side effects include bleeding, teeth grinding, and low sodium blood levels. Serious side effects are seizure and serotonin syndrome, which happens when there is too much serotonin in the body and can lead to death. What You Need to Know About Paxil Below are some facts to know before taking Paxil.?? Paxil can be taken with or without food at any time of the day.If you miss a dose, take it when you remember, unless its close to the time to take it again. Dont double your dose.Avoid alcohol and drugs while taking Paxil as they may decrease the benefits.Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose to begin with and increase it if needed.Paxil is safe and effective when taken as directed. There are no known risks from long-term use.Check with your doctor or pharmacist about potential interactions with other medications. A Word From Verywell If you have been prescribed Paxil for generalized anxiety disorder, its important to follow the instructions of your doctor and to communicate any issues that arise so that they can be dealt with swiftly. gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-28399170371852298692020-05-21T16:59:00.001-07:002020-05-21T16:59:03.930-07:00America s A Mark For Victory - 933 Words Ever since the dawn of mankind, many different races have cohabitated with each other in a multitude of respects. However, the rate at which the integration of societies have become a mark for triumph is based upon how each race has reacted to being different. In addressing this issue, the United States of America has sailed on the rough waters of diversity for many decades, causing the world to see the ââ¬Å"land of the freeâ⬠in a completely different light. Within these confines, African Americans and other suspected ââ¬Å"minoritiesâ⬠have either unwillingly embraced the discrimination or revolted against it, creating their own culture, values, and beliefs. During a time when a war of different worlds raged on in the 1940s, Americans were caught within the crossfire of hypocrisy, fighting for equality abroad when it was not evident at home. Becoming a symbol for rebellion, the zoot-suiters of this era represented a change that would remain intact throughout much of th e racial peril in the 1960s. Insurgent groups such as these were unaware of how their past would come to influence their future, and Malcom X was the prime example of what exactly made him into the proactive civil rights movement leader he was. In The Riddle of the Zoot, Robin Kelly examines the ingenuity of the zoot-suiter and the way in which each member of this ââ¬Å"cultureâ⬠sparked their own amalgamation from the chains of segregation, without understanding the impact it would have for a race that engineered change inShow MoreRelatedThemes Of The Gospel Of Mark1609 Words à |à 7 PagesBy: Charmaine Warford Winter 2015 The three central themes in the Gospel of Mark are: The Good News; Following the way; Kingdom of God. The time is fulfilled, and the Kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel. (Mark 1:14-15) Gospel in English derives from godspel, meaning good news. Similarly, in the Greek in which Mark wrote, evangelion means good tidings. 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The latter was opposed to the expansion of slavery in the territories held by the United States, and his victory in the presidential election of 1860 led to the first secessionRead MoreThe Art Of Swimming : Ancient Greeks And Romans1187 Words à |à 5 PagesRoman lord and was also considered one of the first patrons of arts and literature. Swimming later became better known as a highly competitive sport in the 19th century in Europe. In 1828, the worldââ¬â¢s first indoor swimming pool entitled â⬠St George s Bathsâ⬠was formally opened to the public using water from the river. In 1837, the National Swimming Society was hosting swimming competitions at six different swimming pools in London. The sport was booming in popularity and by 1880 the Amateur SwimmingRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1073 Words à |à 5 Pages1970s, the Cold War had quieted down for a bit and there were even negotiations of peace talks. That all changed when the Soviet Union occupied Afghanistan in favor of the communist side while the USA were aiding the anti-communist side. Eventually America pulled out of Afghanistan and went home, but the tension that was there continued through the 1980 Olympic Games. The Soviet Union dominated in the sport of hockey for several years and won gold medals multiple times, but what satis fied them the mostRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Civil War1110 Words à |à 5 PagesThe American Civil War was the result of decades of sectional tensions between the North and South. Over the next several months eleven southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. During the first two years of the war, Southern troops won numerous victories, but saw their fortunes turned after losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in 1863. From then on, Northern forces worked to conqueror the South, forcing them to surrender in April 1865. The roots of the Civil War can beRead MoreCause Of The Spanish American War1406 Words à |à 6 PagesApril of 1898 America finally declared war against Spain and this was as a result of the sinking of the Battleship Maine in Havana in February of the same year. After months of war and wrangles, the war came to an end after the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10th of December 1898.1 The end of the war saw the Spaniards loss complete control over majority of their remaining empires aboard including Cuba, Philippines Islands, Puerto Rico, and Guam among other islands in South America and the Caribbean gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-85137107553265845802020-05-06T23:34:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:34:03.226-07:00Freedom of Expression Essay - 1331 Words One of the most controversial parts of the First Amendment of the US Constitution concerns freedom of expression. Some Americans, such as the Libertarians, feel there should be no censorship. On the other end of the spectrum are more conservative people, many religious, who believe there should be strict limits on what can be published. Most people would agree it is a bad idea to publish or put on the Internet the plans for homemade bombs, biological weapons, or other devices which may be used to kill or maim someone. But in the name of freedom of the press, this information is available. Censors would like to make this practice illegal, because it may facilitate a crime. Others say criminals will always find a way to do whatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Another touchy area of censorship is national security. Some people think the government should be open and give out all the information it has about everything. Others realize, however, that in the interest of national security, there must be some things that remain secret, especially in the case of war and C.I.A. matters. A freedom of expression issue has come up in the last few weeks at Zeeland High School. A student was expelled for wearing a T-shirt with the name of the rock band Korn on it. The policy of the school is that no one can wear a shirt with Korn, Tool, or Marilyn Manson on it. The American Civil Liberties Union promptly offered the student a lawyer and said they would fight for his rights. However, another lawyer was quoted as saying, To think that any student has the same civil rights once they walk through the school door is absolutely untrue (Rupke 5). This idea was upheld in the Hazelwood decision, which said it was okay for a school administrator to remove stories from the school paper if he or she objected to them. Still another student was expelled last week from a Georgia high school for wearing a Pepsi shirt on Coke in Education Day. Administrators said it was embarrassing to them, because officials from the Coca-Cola company were at the school that day. Apparently high school students have little or no rights of expression or press while they are at school. Another question that is raised about freedom of speechShow MoreRelatedFreedom of Expression1919 Words à |à 8 Pagesabove surely has been presented throughout history as an archetype of this concept, specifically noting freedom of expression as a right to which all hold possession. The assertion of this right is well represented in the Unites States Bill of Rights. Within that document the First Amendment specifically restricts governmental powers prohibiting any such law or act from abbreviating our freedom of speech . This keystone to the American Democratic System spawns dialogue and discourse which forms policyRead MoreThe Freedom And Freedom Of Expression1355 Words à |à 6 PagesWhat drives immigrants to endure the perilous journey to the United States is precious freedom, and the chance of living the American dream. 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Despite being the First of twenty-seven amendments in our constitutional hierarchy, theRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Expression1552 Words à |à 7 PagesIs freedom of expression really a right of American citizens, and if so, are there any limits? To start off, freedom of expression is the r ight to express ones ideas and opinions freely through speech, writing, and other forms of communication, but without deliberately causing harm to others character and/or reputation by false or misleading statements. There is no such thing as full freedom of expression. There are many articles and laws stating that a person has complete and utter freedom ofRead MoreFreedom Of Speech And Expression1198 Words à |à 5 PagesIII. Freedom of speech and expression The freedom of speech and expression is a cherished human right which has worldwide acceptance. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights through Article19, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights through Article 19, the European Convention on Human Rights through Article 19 etc. recognize this right as a human right. But it is not clear whether the right to use loudspeaker forms part of this right. Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian ConstitutionRead More Freedom Of Expression Essay748 Words à |à 3 Pages Freedom of Expression: All people in the United States are guaranteed this right by the Constitution. Students, however, do not have this right to the same extent as adults. This is because public schools are required to protect all students at the school. The major aspects of this right are speech and dress. Both the right to speech and dress are not absolute in public high schools. According to the American Civil Liberties Union: quot;You (students) have a right to express your opinions as longRead MoreFreedom Of Speech And Expression Essay974 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe State of Punjab, Fram Nusserwanji v. State of Bombay, Chandardeo v. State of Bihar, Tozam-mal v. Government of Bengal, etc., the laws related to press ultra vires to the constitution were quashed. Article 19(1) (a), freedom of speech and expression which also includes freedom of press is with the restrictions provided in Article 19(2) of the Constitution. When the constitution was enacted, Article 19 contained only following restrictions: 1. Libel, slander and defamation 2. Contempt of courtRead MorePrivacy And Freedom Of Expression2447 Words à |à 10 Pages Privacy and freedom of expression are both vital in the preservation of society. In stating this one must be acutely aware of the medias role in directly advocating for freedom of expression over an individualââ¬â¢s right to privacy. In AG v Guardian Newspapers, Lord Geoff states that ââ¬Ëfreedom of expression has existed in this country perhaps as long, if not longer, than it has existed in any other country in the worldââ¬â¢ . Nevertheless these rights must be balanced and applied in a manner which isRead MoreFreedom of Expression Essay519 Words à |à 3 PagesFreedom of Expression Freedom of expression, and open access to media, are as fundamental to the survival of Progress as the sun and rain are to the survival of planet Earth. Yet censorship remains a traditional response of any group that finds itself offended at anothers message or creative indulgence. The argument that because they serve the public interest, media should willingly accept a moral arbiter to decide what will and what will not be disseminated is both uninformed and dangerous gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-23434783561101714662020-05-06T08:13:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:13:22.265-07:00Annual Report Analysis for Adidas Free Essays 2011 Annual Report Analysis for Adidas Prepared for Professor Tabor Prepared by Jena Howell 2011 Annual Report Analysis for Adidas Prepared for Professor Tabor Prepared by Jena Howell Table of Contents Introduction2 Annual Report Analysis of Adidas2 Auditors2 Subsequent Events3 Trends in Total Assets and Total Liabilities3 Three Largest Assets and Liabilities for Recent Year4 Stock Options4 Income Statement4 Net Income5 Comprehensive Income5 Direct or Indirect Cash Flow Statement5 Items Included in Cash from Investing Activities5 Summary6 Introduction Adidas is a name brand that most people know about. Have you ever wondered though, what goes on behind the scenes? Well, that is what is going to be discussed in this paper. Some of the main ideas we are going to look are who the auditors are, the trends in assets and liabilities, the largest assets and liabilities, the types of stocks that are available, the type of income statement that is used, the trend of net income, the type of cash flow statement that is used, and the two largest items included in cash from investing. We will write a custom essay sample on Annual Report Analysis for Adidas or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of this document is to get you better informed on the current standing of the Adidas Corporation. Annual Report Analysis of Adidas Letââ¬â¢s first discuss who the auditors are and what opinion they have on the companyââ¬â¢s financial statements. Auditors The KPMG AG group is who audits Adidas. They audited Adidas on Feb. 15, 2011. Kozikowski Wolper (2010) stated, ââ¬Å"In our opinion, based on the findings of our audit, the consolidated financial statements comply with IFRS, as adopted by the EU, the additional requirements of German commercial law pursuant to à § 315a (1) HGB and give a true and fair view of the net assets, financial position and profit or loss of the Group in accordance with these requirements. The Group management report is consistent with the consolidated financial statements and as a whole provides a suitable view of the Groupââ¬â¢s position and suitably presents the opportunities and risks of future development. â⬠So, yes the auditors provide a clean opinion the financial statements. In the auditorââ¬â¢s opinion, the company complied with all the standards that were required. So, have there been any subsequent events that have had a material effect on the financial statements? Letââ¬â¢s take a look. Subsequent Events Since the end of 2010, there have been no significant organization, management, economic, socio-political, legal or financial changes that have had a material effect on the financial statements. This shows that this is a stable group that can be relied on. Now, letââ¬â¢s see what kind of trends in assets and liabilities there have been in the past two years. Trends in Total Assets and Total Liabilities At the year of the fiscal year in 2008 Adidas group had â⠬ 9,533,000,000 in total assets. Now, at the end of the 2009 fiscal year, Adidas group had â⠬ 8,875,000,000 in total assets. This is a 6. % drop in total assets. At the end of 2008 fiscal year, Adidas group had â⠬ 6,133,000,000 in total liabilities; and at the end of the 2009 fiscal year, Adidas group had â⠬ 5,099,000,000 in total liabilities. That is a â⠬ 1,034,000,000 change in liabilities. The current ratio for the 2008 fiscal year was 1. 55. The current ratio for the 2009 fiscal year was 1. 74. Wha t were the three largest assets and liabilities? Letââ¬â¢s see. Three Largest Assets and Liabilities for Recent Year The three largest assets for the 2009 fiscal year were the following: * Cash and cash equivalents * Accounts Receivable * Inventories The three largest liabilities for 2009 fiscal year were the following: * Long-term borrowings * Accounts payable * Accrued liabilities Now that we know what the three largest assets and liabilities Adidas group has, why donââ¬â¢t we look at their stock options. Stock Options Adidas group offers registered no-par value shares. There are currently 209,216,186 shares outstanding at the end of the 2010 fiscal year. Income Statement Adidas group uses a multi-step income statement. There were no separately reported items. Gross profit dropped by 10. 4% and operating profit dropped by 52. 6% between 2008 and 2009 fiscal years. Net Income Adidas group had a major drop in net income between the 2008 and 2009 fiscal years. At the end of the 2008 fiscal year, net income was â⠬ 645,000,000. At the end of the 2009 fiscal year, net income was â⠬ 245,000,000. This was a 61. 9% drop. The main reason for such a drastic drop in net income was a decrease in sales and financial income. Comprehensive Income Adidas group had net loss of â⠬132,000,000 in 2009 and a net gain of â⠬149,000,000 in 2008 on cash flow hedges. Also, there was an actuarial loss of â⠬12,000,000 in 2009 and a gain of â⠬2,000,000 in 2008 of defined benefit plans and asset ceiling affect (IAS 19). Direct or Indirect Cash Flow Statement Adidas group uses the direct method because on the cash flow statement they report disbursements from operating activities. Items Included in Cash from Investing Activities The two largest items in cash from investing activities are the following: * Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment * Proceeds from sale of other intangible assets The proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment brought in â⠬16,000,000 in net cash in 2009 and â⠬27,000,000 in 2008. The proceeds from the sale of other intangible assets brought in â⠬10,000,000 in 2009 and â⠬8,000,000 in 2008. These numbers are net cash. Summary So, we have learned that the Adidas group that they offer registered no-par value stock. There were major differences between 2008 and 2009 when it came to net income. They made a lot more money in 2008 than they did in 2009. They use the direct method when it comes to cash flow statement. The corporation uses the multi-step income statement. Total assets and liabilities both declined from the 2008 fiscal year to the 2009 fiscal year. Works Cited (2010). Consolidated Balance Sheet. Adidas Group. http://adidas-group. corporate-publications. om/2009/gb/en/consolidated-financial-statements/consolidated-balance-sheet. html (2010). Consolidated Cash Flow Statement. Adidas Group. http://adidas-group. corporate-publications. com/2009/gb/en/consolidated-financial-statements/consolidated-statement-of-cash-flows. html (2010). Consolidated Income Statement. Adidas Group. http://adidas-group. corporate-publications. com/2009/gb/en/consolidated-financial-statem ents/consolidated-income-statement. html Kozikowski, M. , Wolper, A. (2010). Auditors Report. http://adidas-group. corporate-publications. com/2009/gb/en/consolidated-financial-statements/independent-auditors-report. html How to cite Annual Report Analysis for Adidas, Papers gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-65687503024455746232020-04-25T15:39:00.001-07:002020-04-25T15:39:02.812-07:00Journey- Patricia Grace, the People Before- Maurice Shadbolt (Lack of Clear Outcome free essay sample Analyse how the lack of a clear outcome in at least TWO short stories you have studied makes the stories successful for you: Journey by Patricia Grace and The People Before by Maurice Shadbolt both look at land confiscation and compensation cases that occurred during the early colonization of New Zealand and their modern relevance today. Although both these authors approach this similar topic differently, both stories lack a clear outcome. This is particularly effective for us as readers because it causes us to revaluate our preconceptions and prejudices regarding this issue and draw our own conclusions. We quickly discover the difficulty of reaching a truly successful outcome, and can therefore see the relevance that these types of cases have in our society today. The People Before by Maurice Shadbolt presents this issue intergenerationally, where the land was confiscated historically. This story is from the viewpoint of a white boy whose father owns the land ââ¬Å"through sweat and legal titleâ⬠and who has spent much of this time ââ¬Å"winning order from wildernessâ⬠in order to convert the land into a workable dairy farm. We will write a custom essay sample on Journey- Patricia Grace, the People Before- Maurice Shadbolt (Lack of Clear Outcome or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The father is presented to us as a hardworking man who served ââ¬Å"in the warâ⬠and who toiled for many years to try build a sustainable life for his family. By presenting us with this strong image of the stereotypical farmer, almost seen as the backbone of this country, Shadbolt influences us as readers to feel a great deal of respect and loyalty towards him. However this attitude is soon challenged by Shadbolt when we learn, towards the end of the story, that the land used to belong to a Maori tribe, who lived there for ââ¬Å"hundreds of yearsâ⬠and were forced to move away from the area without compensation after it was ââ¬Å"confiscated from the after the Maori warsâ⬠and ââ¬Å"the European took the landâ⬠. Here Shadbolt cleverly presents to us as readers a situation where there are two sides that are both equally valid, but utterly different. Because the land was confiscated by a previous generation, Maurice Shadbolt shows we as readers how it is now no longer possible to return the land without creating a new injustice, particularly towards the father who sees the land as ââ¬Å"his green kingdom;â⬠however Shadbolt also causes us to sense deeply the injustices brought against the Maori party who ââ¬Å"fought many bloody battlesâ⬠historically to keep the land, only to be forced to leave behind all that was dear to them. Because, in the beginning, Shadbolt presents the father as a likeable and respected character, he lays down a foundation of conflict, because our loyalties to the two sides become so divided that we wish both parties could simply live on the land, yet we know this is not possible. We, the reader, are left with a sense of loss at the lack of conclusion drawn by the author, with the tribe returning to their new homes and the father feeling that ââ¬Å"the land itself had heaped some final indignity upon himâ⬠which eventually leads him to sell the farm. Because neither party here comes out better off as a result of the confrontation, we are left to puzzle over the ways we would have resolved this issue, therefore because a Shadbolt did not simply present us with a resolution, he effectively showed us the complication of these types of scenarioââ¬â¢s which make them very relevant today. Whilst The People Before approaches this issue from a white boyââ¬â¢s perspective two generations after the confiscations occurred, Journey, by Patricia Grace approaches this issue completely differently. The story set in present tense and is centred from within the mind of an old Maori man who is told by the government that he is unable to subdivide his land amongst his living nieces and nephews for their housing as it has already singled out the land ââ¬Å"a development areaâ⬠. He goes to the Wellington office to explain the issue to these representatives and feels that the Mana associated with his age in the Maori culture will ensure that he has respect amongst the Pakeha people, enabling him to explain his case better than the rest of his family who have already tried to resolve the issue. However again the Pakeha are unable to see his values in land or his ideas and continue to demand that ââ¬Å"thereââ¬â¢ll be no more subdivisionâ⬠and that the family will receive ââ¬Å"compensationâ⬠for their losses. It is at this point that Grace makes the situation at hand more complex for readers because she, like Shadbolt, presents us with two equally valid by utterly different sides. Patricia Grace causes conflict in the office because the European of the time, represented by the developer, see land as something of monetary value and security, making them unable to comprehend the old Maori manââ¬â¢s concept that the land is ââ¬Å"your stamping groundâ⬠and that when all your ties are to that place, ââ¬Å"there is no equal landâ⬠. However the old man, who has been brought up to believe that land was something that had deep historical and spiritual connections, cannot understand the young developerââ¬â¢s idea of exchanging his land for ââ¬Å"equivalent land or monetary compensationâ⬠. In this story, Grace show us as readers how these contradicting values result in anger and frustration from both parties. Whilst in the story Grace makes it easy to empathize with the old manââ¬â¢s spiritual need for his family to live on whatââ¬â¢s been theirs since ââ¬Å"before we were bornâ⬠, because she presents us with a strong, proud but gentle man, she also makes us remember that the developer at the time was not particularly in the wrong either, and that his actions were simply reflecting his cultureââ¬â¢s belief that all land is the same and could easily be fairly exchanged, which is just as correct and valid as the old Maori manââ¬â¢s ideas. Therefore, like in The People Before we are unable to easily assign our loyalties. This, combined with the far from a successful outcome in the story, with the old man going away distraught and the developer building an even greater dislike of the Maori man, makes the story have a lasting effect on we readers because, through this complex scenario, Grace shows us the difficulty of finding either a right party or even a correct solution, because she shows readers that the success of the outcome will always differ when values differ. Again, like in The People Before, we are left to try and reach our own conclusions, which make us see how relevant these issues are in todayââ¬â¢s society. When we bring together the messages that both these unresolved stories show us, many lessons regarding land confiscation and compensation issues and how they are relevant to all New Zealanderââ¬â¢s are made clear to us. Through The People Before and Journey we can see how hard it is to find just solutions in many of these land cases, and how this situation is rarely ever black and white, as many people make it out to be. Most importantly, these two stories effectively show us that many of New Zealandââ¬â¢s issues today are the result of different values, which complicate issues because they are both equally legitimate. Treaty of Waitangi claims are still being processed today, many as a result of events shown in the stories. Too often we as a society dismiss these issues as irrelevant in todayââ¬â¢s society, however by both Shadbolt and Grace leaving a lack of a clear outcome, we are shown that to the people involved, particularly the victims, there never was a resolution, and until there is, these issues will remain relevant. The same emotions that we felt at the lack of closure to these stories, the victims have had to live with for the past 20 or more years, yet we tend to dismiss these emotions, almost assuming that they will fade with time. By creating such unclear and unsatisfactory endings we as readers may have felt anger, frustration, sadnesses, and confusion, so it is incredibly strange that we as a society think that people who were actually victims of this type of destructive colonization would feel any differently. We tend to forget that human emotion is the only thing that has remained constant throughout our history, meaning that these feelings are highly unlikely to have changed, making all of these issues very relevant to every New Zealander. By presenting this issue through two view points and time settings, and by ensuring the end left us with a lack of clear outcome, these both Grace and Shadbolt effectively conveyed both the importance and significance of land confiscation and compensation cases today, because we experience the frustrations that the victims of these acts felt. It also forces us try draw our own resolutions to the problem, however as both authorââ¬â¢s divided our loyalties and presented us with sides that were both equally valid but utterly different, we come to see how difficult this is. Both these stories therefore emphasize the strength and status that these issues need to have in our modern society if we are to ever fully resolve them. By Emily Aitken. gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-61991017871202789752020-03-18T08:43:00.001-07:002020-03-18T08:43:03.867-07:00heart of darkness essaysheart of darkness essays Good and Evil: Fight to the Finish William's Lord of the Flies, (1954) an Conrad's Heart of Darkness, (1902) there are affective comparisons and contrasts between the protagonist and the antagonist. Even though the protagonist and the antagonist have the same intentions, they have different motives. In Heart of Darkness, Marlow wants to save Kurtz, but the manager doesn't want Marlow to bring back Kurtz, because the manager is afraid that if Marlow brings back Kurtz than he'll have to quit his job and give it to Kurtz. In Lord of the Flies, Jack wants to take over the leadership and Ralph, on the other hand, wants to be a leader himself. Ralph wants to be the leader so that he could make some kind of plan to get off the island, but Jack wants to be a leader so he can be the ruler and hunt, so that he has meat for himself. (9, 137) The protagonist wants victory over the antagonist and the antagonist wants to de-feat the protagonist. Where as the e antagonist has an evil purpose and the protagonist had a good purpose. A similar concept between the protagonist and the antagonist is that both of them are brave enough to dare to go against each other. They don't hide from each other, but they both of out and confront each other. In Heart of Darkness, Marlow knew that the manager didn't want Kurtz back, but he was brave enough to try bringing Kurtz back. the manger knew Marlow was just like Kurtz. That he will not give up so easy. The manager did everything in his power to stop Marlow. Even if they think their opponent is stronger, they don't back away from the fear of facing them. In Lord of the Flies, Piggy knows that Jack and his tribe is stronger than him, but still he goes over to the tribe and speaks his mind out about how they were wrong. (156) when a person makes up their mind to confront their opponent, nothing can stop them. Another comparable characteristic between the protagonist and the ... gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-34670226571439814282020-03-02T00:30:00.001-08:002020-03-02T00:30:02.800-08:00How to Calculate the Density of a GasHow to Calculate the Density of a Gas If theà molecular massà of a gasà is known, the ideal gas law can be manipulated to find the density of the gas. Its just a matter of plugging in the right variables and performing a few calculations. How to Calculate Gas Density What is the density of a gas with molar mass 100 g/mol at 0.5 atm and 27 degrees Celsius? Before you begin, keep in mind what youre looking for as an answer in terms of units. Density is defined as mass per unit volume, which can be expressed in terms of grams per liter or grams per milliliter. You may need to do unit conversions. Keep on the lookout for unit mismatches when you plug values into equations. First, start with the ideal gas law: PV nRT where P pressure,à V volume,à n number of moles of gas,à R gas constant 0.0821 Là ·atm/molà ·K, andà T absolute temperatureà (in Kelvin). Examine the units of R carefully. This is where many people get into trouble. Youll get an incorrect answer if you enter a temperature in Celsius or pressure in Pascals, etc. Always use atmosphere for pressure, liters for volume, and Kelvin for temperature. To find the density of the gas, youà need to know the mass of the gas and the volume. First, find the volume. Here is the ideal gas law equation rearranged to solve for V: V nRT/P After you have found the volume, you must find the mass. The number of moles is the place to start. The number of moles is the mass (m) of the gas divided by its molecular mass (MM): n m/MM Substitute this mass value into the volume equation in place of n: V mRT/MMà ·P Density (à ) is mass per volume. Divide both sides by m: V/m RT/MMà ·P Then invert the equation: m/V MMà ·P/RTà MMà ·P/RT Now you have the ideal gas law rewritten in a form you can use with the information you were given. To find the density of the gas, just plug in the values of the known variables. Remember to use absolute temperature for T: 27 degrees Celsiusà 273 300 Kelvinà (100 g/mol)(0.5 atm)/(0.0821 Là ·atm/molà ·K)(300 K) à 2.03 g/L The density of the gas is 2.03 g/L at 0.5 atm and 27 degrees Celsius. How to Decide If You Have a Real Gas The ideal gas law is written for ideal or perfect gases. You can use values for real gases so long as they act like ideal gases. To use the formula for a real gas, it must be at low pressure and low temperature. Increasing pressure or temperature raises the kinetic energy of the gasà and forces the molecules to interact. While the ideal gas law can still offer an approximation under these conditions, it becomes less accurate when molecules are close together and excited. gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-53813780845226531942020-02-14T15:55:00.001-08:002020-02-14T15:55:03.046-08:00Find article themes, analyze, critique, synthesize and write a EssayFind article themes, analyze, critique, synthesize and write a conclusion - Essay Example Another theme in the readings, developed through March and Olsen is institutionalism, which the authors define as a study of political entities and their relationships, through theoretical concepts and formulated hypotheses (2005). Institutionalization establishes constraints within which actors in an economic system (Ingram and Silverman, 2002). Closely related to these themes is the theme of susceptible governance whose remedy is an extensive network through ââ¬Å"collaborationâ⬠and ââ¬Å"performance management systemsâ⬠(Imperial, 2004, p. 4). The theme is evident among practitioners as they seek to achieve better governance in an environment that experience forces from both public and private sectors. Significance of relationships between members of the networks through mutual benefit is another theme that the readings establish through Stephensonââ¬â¢s article (n.d.) and Milward support through his proposed guide to managerââ¬â¢s selection and application of c ollaborative networks (2006). Virtual networks through technology promote the networking (Alstyne 1997). The theme of economic governance is also significant in the readings and is developed through Mintzbergââ¬â¢s article (1996). ... The concept of market failure is a tool to governmentââ¬â¢s intervention in the economy but its validity and application is questioned. While the market failure concept initially guided governmentââ¬â¢s point of intervention to regulate the economy, its role diversified to determination of intervention strategies while little attention has been paid to the conceptââ¬â¢s validity and empirical and theoretical background into the concept do not exist. Existence of discrepancies, contrary to expectations under mixed market in which forced interact to ensure efficient resource allocation, shows that the market failure concept has failed. Governmentââ¬â¢s efforts to use the concepts towards resource allocation and optimization of social benefits have also failed and this discredits validity of the concept as applied by the government. Regulations towards environmental conservation such as taxes to curtail excessive pollution have for instance failed to identify inadequacy of t he market failure concept (Vogel, 2009). Existence of externalities also challenges applicability of the market failure concept because it induces the need for a wider perspective to determining market failure (Tragakes, 2011). These challenges to the market failure concept therefore supports the proposal that the concept is ineffective and are consistent with Zerbe and McCurdyââ¬â¢s perspective that the government misuses the concept to justify its intervention in the economy. The theme of unreasonable use of the market failure concept is also evident in the readings and while it offers a basis for criticizing governance, it does not disqualify the need for government intervention in the economy. This position is informed because the society expects government intervention to ensure fair gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-41513296122398270562020-02-01T22:17:00.001-08:002020-02-01T22:17:03.260-08:00The Porter Five Forces Analysis Performed On the Case Study of the ArticleThe Porter Five Forces Analysis Performed On the Case Study of the Music Industry In 2006 - Article Example The paper tells that market attractiveness in this context refers to the general industry gain of profitability. On the other hand, in an unattractive industry or market setup, is one that does not conform to the five forces analysis, since it offers a projection of losses within the market in the long run. In other words, an unattractive market would be one that is approaching the level of "pure competition", that is, the available profits for all firms within the market are depicted at a normal profit. The porter five forces analytical model has the following components the facilitate the examination of a particular product within the industry: The first part of the porter five forces model is the Internal Rivalry, which explains the competitive level within the industry. In this particular scenario, the intensity of competition within the music industry in that specific year is high because given the numerous number of players in the music industry. The major players in this marke t include Universal Music Group which owns 26% share of the music global market and has the prospects of merging with Sony BMG Music Entertainment to increase the production rate of publishing music media. The merging of companies within a market tends to consolidate the industry. For example, in the year of 2004, the entertainment and recording companies, Sony Music and the BMG, merged to change the equilibrium within the competitive market. The major companies highlighted in the case study regarding the prospected changes in the music industry form mergers with the expectation of each company trying to favorably compete with each other by developing new products or increasing the mass of production in the market all the time. For instance, the 50-50 joint venture between Sony and BMG Music Entertainment which made it the second largest major in the music industry. gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-57296190131413463522020-01-24T18:41:00.001-08:002020-01-24T18:41:02.071-08:00Kalevala Koru :: essays research papers Kalevala Koru Introduction The history of Kalevala jewellery went back to the Association of Kalevala Women who aimed to safeguard ancient Finnish culture tradition. Making-making was regarded by them as one way to honour national history and culture heritage as well as one way to raise funds for the Association of Kalevala Women. The name Kalevala came from the national epic because of its strong connection Established in 1937, Kalevala Jewellery started to produce jewellery in 1940. In 1940s, though facing difficulties of lacking raw materials and skilful workforce in production, the jewellery sold very well both at home and abroad partly due to the fact that demand exceeded supply, partly due to its attendances at jewellery exhibitions which enlarged its brand fame. 1950s saw the steady growth of Kalevala till 1960s, however modern jewellery gained an increasing market share at the same time. In the early 70s situation improved a bit then replaced by a sliding down at the end of the decade till the beginning of 80s when the Association had to give financial aid to help it out. Then thanks to a change in fashion in the mid-80s, Kalevala won over new customers when young women wanted big, ethnic jewellery. The main product ranges of Kalevala were ancient and archaeological jewellery, historical jewellery and modern jewellery. Bronze was used as main raw materials to make jewellery, next was silver and then gold. Bronze jewellery contributed a large part of total production (70%). The silver and gold works accounted for 22 % and 8 % respectively. Almost the entire Kalevala jewellery range was available in both bronze and silver. Every year over 400 models were being produced, of which most were available in various forms, like pendants, earrings, necklaces, brooches, rings for girls and tiepins and cufflinks for men. The production process was so labour-intensive that in 1996 85 out of 143 employees worked for production section. With the joining of new CEO, Kalevala stepped into a new stage. By motivating employees, investing in production machines and R&D, focusing on three market segments which targeted young women, working women and loyal users and improving customer services which included re-adjusting salesmenââ¬â¢ attitude towards retailers, automating administrative work, adapting to a changing environment, Marja Usvasalo managed to achieve best performances in the period from 4/1995 to 3/1996 with profit increased greatly by 39% compared with previous year though it had to be reaffirmed that from 1988 till 1996 period the corporate performances had been improving. gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-75737061817104420902020-01-16T15:05:00.001-08:002020-01-16T15:05:02.378-08:00Congressional Hearings in the USIncluded in the Fourteenth Amendment are two very important clauses. These clauses are the ââ¬Å"equal protectionâ⬠and ââ¬Å"due process of lawâ⬠clauses. Both of these concepts play an instrumental role in the well being of the common American man. In addition, they both deal with issues regarding the fairness of law. The ââ¬Å"due process of lawâ⬠deals with the government fulfilling its responsibilities in trials, while the ââ¬Å"equal protection clauseâ⬠concerns equality in peoplesâ⬠lives under the Constitution. The thought of ââ¬Å"due process of lawâ⬠is first mentioned in the Fourteenth Amendment near the beginning when it states: ââ¬Å"No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.â⬠This can be explained as a manâ⬠s rights to a fair governing. It is one of the oldest constitutional principles and the ââ¬Å"due processâ⬠refers to the requirement that the actions of government be conducted according to the rule of law. No government can be above the law and the government cannot interfere with the rights of life, liberty, and property except according to established procedures of law. The Fourteenth Amendment also requires state governments to respect due process of law and gives the federal government the power to enforce this requirement. In America there are two different types of due process of law, ââ¬Å"procedural due process of lawâ⬠and ââ¬Å"substantive due process of lawâ⬠. Procedural due process of law means the government must use fair procedures in fulfilling its responsibilities. It requires that the procedures used by government in making, applying, interpreting, and enforcing law be reasonable and consistent. Substantive due process of law came in later and differed slightly from procedural due process. It made a requirement that the government could not make laws that apply to situations in which the government has no business interfering. It requires that the ââ¬Å"substanceâ⬠or purpose of laws be constitutional. The difference between procedural and substantive is that procedural says nothing about interference in certain cases, while substantive does. The Fourteenth Amendment continues and later talks about the ââ¬Å"equal protection clauseâ⬠. It states that no state may ââ¬Å"deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.â⬠By this provision the amendment gave a new importance to the principle of equality in the Constitution and peoplesâ⬠lives. The Fourteenth Amendmentâ⬠s original purpose was to create a society in which all people were treated equally before the law. However, through various interpretations it made it seem that the government was responsible for guaranteeing that all its citizens were equal in the amount of property they possesses, their living standards, education, medical care, and working conditions. It meant that no individual or group was to neither receive special privileges nor be deprived of certain rights under the law. The principle of a limited government is related to both of the aforementioned clauses in an assortment of different ways. It closely relates to the concept of ââ¬Å"due process of lawâ⬠in that both are in favor of the protection of the natural rights philosophy that states men should not be deprived of the rights of life, liberty, or property. Additionally due process of law and limited government relate to each other in that both say that no government can be above the law. The view of limited government relates to the equal protection of the law by stressing a non-discriminatory government. The equal protection of law established equality before the law, giving the same rights to a poor man, as a rich and powerful man may have. Similarly, limited government pushed for restraints and limits on power, which in turn made it difficult for certain people to become more powerful than others. The equal protection clause can be found in action in 1952, in the case of Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The case was based on the segregation of educational facilities. The NAACP changed their focus from integrating higher educational facilities to integrated grade schools. After the change, the NAACP stepped in on this case and argued that segregated educational facilities were unequal, degrading to black students, and violated the fourteenth amendment's guarantee for equal protection. On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were inherently unequal and did violate the Fourteenth Amendment. Brown vs. the Board of Education was a victory for the blacks as well as a victory for the power of the equal protection clause when correctly used. With this victory, an expansion of the protections of the Constitution was created, the equal protection clause would now be used again and again to fight the battle against unfair and unequal standards for certain groups. gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-62013363392225150462020-01-08T11:27:00.001-08:002020-01-08T11:27:04.445-08:00The Trade Of The Atlantic Slave Trade - 3341 Words Peter Banyai Historiographical Paper Professor Hoag 12.2.2014 The Atlantic Slave Trade took place from the 16th century to the 19th century. Most of the slaves were taken from West Africa, but the trade also affected other parts of the continent. By the end of the trade, it became the biggest human migration to date. Generally, we know a lot about the effects slavery had in the New World, but we have less information on how the slave trade affected African societies. Although there were no scholars which contested the harm the slave trade caused, however, there is still debate over the effect of the trade within African societies. The debate over the impact on demography and economy still exist today. However, in this paper it is argued, mainly due to the growing contributions from African scholars and economists, that today historians are reaching a consensus that the slave trade caused long term effects on the demography, social structure and economy of African societies. In this paper, I will focus on how the trade impacted African communi ties in regards to demography, social structure, and economy, and I will demonstrate how the historiography in regards to these aspects has evolved to its present form. Demographic of the Slave Trade Before historians could really understand the impact of the trans-Atlantic they had to have a synthetized study on the demography of the trade concerning several questions; 1) how many slaves were there? 2) Where they came from? 3) And toShow MoreRelatedAtlantic Slave Trade1772 Words à |à 8 Pagesorigins of the Atlantic Slave Trade were products of Western Europeââ¬â¢s expansion of power that began at the beginning of the 1500ââ¬â¢s through the 1900ââ¬Ës. The main contributing European countries to the Atlantic Slave Trade were Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and England. Portugal lead the movement during the 1400ââ¬â¢s and arrived in Western Africa in hopes to find Christian allies to spread Christianity against the Muslims of Northern Africa. But they soon became more interested in trade (Hine, HineRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade1392 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Atlantic Slave Trade was a system of slavery that took place between the 16th and 19th centuries. It comprised of capturing African tribesmen and women from areas of Western and Central Africa and placing them into the colonies of the New World in North, Central, and South America. Many countries like England, Portugal, Spain, Holland, and France, had participated in enslaving the African peoples. The African slaves were used to exploit an array of commodities such coffee, cotton, rum, sugarRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade Essay1225 Words à |à 5 Pages The Atlantic Slave trade can be divided into two eras. The first era of the Atlantic slave trade began on significant scale in 1502, with the Southern American Portuguese and Spanish colonies accounting for the majority of slave imports. Soon, the British, French and Dutch began to abduct people from Africa for the purpose of forming slave populations in the New World. This was the second era of the Atlantic slave trade and accounted for 97% of the total volume of the Atlantic Slave trade, withRead MoreComparing the Atlantic Slave Trade with the Arab Slave Trade848 Words à |à 4 PagesIn contrast to the Atlantic slave trade, where the male-female ratio was 2:1, the Arab slave trade instead usually had a higher female-to-male ratio. Concubinage and reproduction served as incentives for importing female slaves, though many were also imported mainly for performing household tasks. In both continents, anything a slave owns, is automatically the masterââ¬â¢s own too, however in Arabia, a slave may be allowed to earn money to purchase his or her freedom and similarly to pay bride wealthRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade Movement870 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Atlantic Slave trade helped many African Americans transport across the Atlantic Ocean. Many slaves went through different experiences as they migrated from the Atlantic Ocean to America. Slavery and Slave Trade occurred in variety of cultures for over thousand of years. In West Africa, slave trade was much more common. It involved majority women an d children that became servants only in Asia and North Africa. By the time Spain joined Portugal, the Atlantic slave trade expanded a there wasRead MoreThe Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade679 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Trans-Atlantic slave occurred during the early sixteenth century and lasted until the beginning of the all the way to nineteenth century. It was during this time when the beginning of the Black Diaspora would begin to manifest itself with the exportation of millions of the African populace to the Americas. These African people were forced and taken from their respective countries in a horrific manner. The result, these people became the slaves of newly forming colonies in North America. The trekRead MoreThe Aftermath of the Atlantic Slave Trade779 Words à |à 3 PagesThe aftermath of the Atlantic Slave Trade included the commercialization of African economies and the solidification of European colonization and colonialism. Describe this commercialization and its subsequent effects. The demise of the African slave trade began in 1807 when Britain forbade the capturing and selling of African slaves. The result had both positive and negative consequences for Africa. It was positive in that attention turned to the lucrative resources that Africa possessed and EuropeRead MoreA Study On Atlantic Slave Trade1732 Words à |à 7 PagesSydney Abbott 11/20/14 History 2010 Professor Robinson Atlantic Slave Trade PART I Many historians will argue that the institution of enslaving Africans in European cultures was merely a commercial solution to an economic problem, not a result of racism. Slavery throughout history existing in the America and the New World has been mainly identified with ââ¬Å"the Negro slave.â⬠Although, the truth is that slaves of the New World were of all different religious denominations and ethnicities, not strictlyRead MoreEffects Of The Atlantic Slave Trade967 Words à |à 4 Pagesbeen a crime. The effects of The Atlantic Slave Trade still lingers in todayââ¬â¢s culture. It was one of the vast developments that help shape the course of history as the World knows it. Ultimately there is no way to justify who is responsible. Europeans and Africans should be held equally accountable for the destruction of the African population. The Ottoman Empire took control over Constantinople in 1453. When doing so they put an end to the supply of Slavic slaves. Before the 15th century southernRead MoreEssay on The Atlantic Slave Trade921 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Atlantic Slave Trade The changes in African life during the slave trade era form an important element in the economic and technological development of Africa. Although the Atlantic slave trade had a negative effect on both the economy and technology, it is important to understand that slavery was not a new concept to Africa. In fact, internal slavery existed in Africa for many years. Slaves included war captives, the kidnapped, adulterers, and other criminals and outcasts. However gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-44037727014857986002019-12-31T07:53:00.001-08:002019-12-31T07:53:04.168-08:00In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austenââ¬â¢s usage of letters... In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austenââ¬â¢s usage of letters allows the reader to fully comprehend the situation and certain feelings of the characters. The Usage of Janeââ¬â¢s Letters in Pride and Prejudice In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austenââ¬â¢s usage of letters allows the reader to fully comprehend the situation and certain feelings of the characters. For example, the two letters sent by Jane Bennet to Elizabeth Bennet in Chapter 46 allow the novel to arrive at a turning point in many different aspects. The obvious purpose of the written letters is to inform the reader of the events at hand regarding Lydia Bennet and Mr. Wickham. However, these letters allow changes to take place in other relationships as well. Jane Bennetâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Wickham as well as Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy. However the seriousness of the situation in itself, the relationship between Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet is furthermore developed because of these two letters. Elizabeth turns to Mr. Darcy as soon as he appears and immediately notifies him of everything. This action of hers illustrates the budding closeness between the two and how she relies on Darcy. Both Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy blame themselves for not exposing Mr. Wickham as the vagrant that he truly is. Therefore, this shared guilt provides the nascent couple with a strong emotional connection and a universal principle. A major factor of a coupleââ¬â¢s relationship is how they react in times of distress. Do they turn to each other for support or withdraw from one another? Elizabethââ¬â¢s reliance on Mr. Darcy is a foreshadowing of a wonderful relationship to come for the couple. The two letters alone are a catalyst in exposing these emotions that might otherwise be suppressed. The two letters will generally contribute to furthering the development of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcyââ¬â¢s relationship. Perhaps the reasoning behind Lydiaââ¬â¢s actions could be her family and their attitudes toward certain subjects such as men, romance, and marriage. Mrs. Bennet is consistently pressuring her daughters to become married women in order to ensure social status and financial security for the remainder of their lives. It seems that her only goal in life isShow MoreRelatedEssay about A Sense of Place in Austens Pride and Prejudice1450 Words à |à 6 PagesA Sense of Place in Austens Pride and Prejudice It is interesting to observe Dictionary.coms definition of the word place in relation to person. Especially when it comes to Pride and Prejudice, where Austen has made great use of the objective correlative technique, in which many, if not all, of her settings considerably reflect the characteristics of their owners. She additionally employs several other techniques regarding the sense of place in her novel, which are important not gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-66754989596871795362019-12-23T03:40:00.001-08:002019-12-23T03:40:04.564-08:00The War Against Underage Drinking Essay - 2488 Words A serious epidemic is overtaking this country. Underage drinking is spreading like a virus. It is not just teenagers in college that are drinking; there are numerous kids in high school, middle school, and even elementary school! How have we let it get this far? There is no excuse to be oblivious anymore. Underage drinking is right in front of our faces. It is killing our children. The good news is that this is a problem that can be fixed. There is no way of completely eliminating underage drinking, but it can be greatly reduced. With efforts from the government, parents, and the media, we can diminish underage drinking a great deal. We need to start educating our children that alcohol is a dangerous drug. We need to start setting betterâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦But they are not smart enough to see what alcohol can do to their brain and their decisions. There is a reason why we have the law set at age twenty one. A human?s brain is not done developing until the age of twenty-o ne. Drinking before this age can contribute to alcohol-induced brain damage which can hinder a teenager?s performance in academics (Alcohol Alert). There is also a risk that teenagers that drink are four times more likely to develop an alcohol dependency sometime in their lives. Risks in sexual assault also plague underage drinkers. Sexual assault is already more prevalent during adolescent ages. By introducing alcohol, sexual assault cases are much more likely to happen. It has also been shown that when alcohol is involved, the more likely sex will result in unwanted pregnancies and STD?s. There is also a much higher risk of suicide. In one study, thirty seven percent of females that drank heavily had reported attempting suicide compared to only eleven percent that did not report drinking (Armstrong, Elizabeth). ?Smart? college students will even tell you that alcohol affects them. According to Hank Nuwer in Wrongs of Passage, four out of every five students in the collegiate Greek system are binge drinkers. These drinkers will tell you that this has caused them to engage in risky sexual behaviors, act irresponsibly, and hurt their academic standings. From elementary schoolers to college students, alcohol has detrimental effectsShow MoreRelatedDrinking Age Should Be Lowered937 Words à |à 4 PagesDrinking Age should be lowered from twenty one to eighteen There is no taboo subject in America quote like underage drinking. The principal problem is not the age of drinking, but the hidden binge side of it. When it comes to the law, there is always an opinion. A reform should be made about the age of drinking for numerous reasons in my personal viewpoint. In the U.S, at the age of eighteen, one can legally vote, buy cigarettes, and join the army, to cite a few things. Going against the law, criticsRead MorePersuasive Essay On Underage Drinking1291 Words à |à 6 PagesUnderage drinking is one of the largest problems that we have in the United States. This is a problem because alcohol is an item that nobody under twenty-one years of age is allowed to purchase or consume. People who are underage are punished by law when they consume or attempt to purchase alcohol illegally. This makes people under twenty-one want alcohol even more. In other countries where the drinking age is lower, there are less problems because it gives parents the push to teach their childrenRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act Of 19841407 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe United States Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984. Signed by President Ronald Regan, which requires that states prohibit people under the age of 21 from purchasing or publicly process alcoholic beverages as a condition of receiving State highway funds. Initially intended as a comprehensive approach to reduce the number of alcohol related deaths on the nations highways. Not prohibiting a person under 21 from drinking under certain exceptions some such as religious purposesRead MoreThe Consequences Of Underage Drinking1745 Words à |à 7 PagesConsequences of Underage Drinking While alcohol may not be the most dangerous of drugs, it is harmful nonetheless. There have been many research studies done by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism that prove this to be true. Binge drinking is drinking with the purpose of getting drunk, and is the most common form of alcohol consumption while it is also the most dangerous. There have been numerous researches by other organizations and scientists that have demonstrated just how dangerousRead More Lowering the Drinking Age Appears to be Best Solution Essay1627 Words à |à 7 PagesLowering the Drinking Age Appears to be Best Solution Despite offering many solutions to the ongoing problem of underage drinking, there seems to be no chance for a law to pass that will lower the drinking age. Pete Coors of Coors Brewing Co. ran for senator in the Colorado election and campaigned that he was not pushing to lower the drinking age, however many of his quotes are not consistent with this point of view. No matter what the ultimate decision is for the drinking age, fake IDs and parentsRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Age Should Remain at the Age of 21 Essay1310 Words à |à 6 PagesWithout a doubt, the United States has been facing serious national problems with underage drinking. Depending on personal ideologies, some people might not agree that the current minimum drinking age of twenty-one is based on scientific facts rather then ideology of prohibitionism. For example, since 1975 over seventeen thousand lives have been saved since the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) was changed to age twenty-one (Balkin 167). This s hows that even over a short amount of time, a higherRead MoreDrinking Age Essay677 Words à |à 3 PagesDrinking Age When teen-agers turn 18, they are told that they are adults and are sent into the world. They go to college, get a job, marry or join the military. They do grown-up things like vote, pay taxes and become parents. But they cant go to the pub for a beer because when it comes to liquor, they are still just kids. Wheres the fairness in the 21-and-older drinking law? First, it is necessary to question this law. Why is 21 the magical age that makes one intelligent and matureRead MoreThe Debate Over The Drinking Age1025 Words à |à 5 PagesI have always wondered why the drinking age was raised to twenty-one. I have looked and researched the following information but still donââ¬â¢t have a true explanation as to why it was raised to the age of twenty-one. The movement called Amethyst Initiative began recruiting university presidents to provoke national debate about the drinking age. College Presidents from about 100 of the nationââ¬â¢s universities, are calling on law makers to consider lowering the drinking age from twenty-one to eighteenRead MoreEssay about Keeping the Drinking Age at 211662 Words à |à 7 PagesWhen it comes to the subject of drinking and teenagers, what is the first thing that comes to mind? To me its the legal age limit of when teens should be able to drink. Having it lowered is controversial because according to prior experiences, data shows that younger age drinking is well known for its fatalities. According to Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), on one of the most popular prom nights in 1999, as many as 62 percent of the traffic deaths were alcohol-related (). The most importantRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered From The Age Of 21 Essay980 Words à |à 4 Pagesconsidered ââ¬Å"adultsâ⬠cannot even make their own decisions? The drinking age on alcohol is a controversial social and cultural issue in todayââ¬â¢s society; all fifty states have a minimum drinking age of 21. The legal drinking age should be lowered from the age of 21 to 18 allowing young adults to be granted the right to drink in restaurants, bars, at social events, in the comfort of their own home, and so on. If anything, lowering the legal drinking age would have a positive impact on the United Sates economy gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-73062091471554046372019-12-15T00:10:00.001-08:002019-12-15T00:10:03.829-08:00OpenBTS Free Essays OpenBTS: A Way of Providing Internet Access to Developing CountriesAbstract The mobile network infrastructure of the twenty-first century is monolithic. It de facto closed and complex systems have few suppliers. They are mostly pre-internet protocol run, and their architectural concept keeps evolving. We will write a custom essay sample on OpenBTS or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, this evolution has not resulted in them being economical or flexible. Thus OpenBTS brings the empowerment that is needed to build and operate cellular networks. Given that the technologies and capabilities are necessary to make such systems is readily available. This paper will look at the OpenBTS. What it means, how it works, components needed to create it, how these components function about each other. Also, the paper will look at the cost involved in setting up OpenBTS and how viable it is in the developing nations.? OpenBTS: A Way of Providing Internet Access to Developing CountriesOpen Base Transceiver Station simply is known as OpenBTS is a GSM access point that is software based. It allows the use of mobile phones that are GSM compatible with voice over the internet protocol. The software is categorized as open source by its developers Range Networks. Its public release as an open source software revolutionized the lower three layers of the GSM protocol stack (Iedema, 22). The OpenBTS is abbreviated by the C++, as free software, its controlled by the GNU Affero General Public License terms and conditions. How the OpenBTS works. OpenBTS operates by replacing the third layer of conventional GSM operational infrastructure. As opposed to GSM system that forwards calls through the radio resource management protocol via base stations that are external, OpenBTS has internal units that perform this function. OpenBTS uses SIP to deliver calls to VOIP soft switch and therefore bypasses the need to route the call to the operatorââ¬â¢s mobile switching center Burgess (David ; Samra, 13). The VIOP software is installed, and the OpenBTS are installed in one computer to form a cellular network that delivers calls to VOIP soft switch and therefore bypasses the need to route the call to the operatorââ¬â¢s mobile switching center. The VIOP software is installed, and the OpenBTS are installed in one computer to form a cellular network that is self-sufficient. However, it also possible to configure several OpenBTS units to share a common VOIP switch to form a network.Other components of GSMGSM components can be divided into four areas. These are the MS (Mobile Station), BSS (Base-Station Subsystem, NSS (Network and Switching Subsystem) and OSS (Operation and Support Subsystem. These four elements within the GSM network operate together as one unit, and therefore users never realize the difference that exists in the System (Iedema, 32). The components would take the below shape regarding a diagram representation.The MS or mobile stations also known as the cell or mobile phones and is the part of the GSM network that is seen and operated by the users. Technological innovation has improved the size and functionality of this part of the network over the years. The mobile station has two elements that help it carry out its functions. These are the Hardware, and the Subscriber Identity Module often referred to as the SIM (David Samra, 13). The SIM contains the userââ¬â¢s information that the network uses to identify them and the IMSI which is the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). The hardware contains the devices that are used to generate data and transmit it. It also contains the International Mobile Equipment Identity which is an international identification used to trace stolen phones. The BSS or Base Station Subsystem has two sections, the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and the Base Station Controller (BSC). The BTS communicates with the mobile through an Um interface and associated protocols (Iedema, 24). The BTC provides radio resources that communicate with and control through an Abis interface. The NSS or Networking Switching Subsystem is the core element of the GSM network, and it contains several elements. These elements are Mobile Services Switching Centre which acts as the switching node and enables functions such as registration, authentication, and call location among other functions to be performed. The Home Location Register element contains the administrative information used to register the user to the network and direct calls appropriately. The Visitor Location Register contains information that allows individual users to access the services that they request. The Equipment Identity Register, checks for the International Mobile Equipment Identity to verify if the particular equipment is allowed to accesses the services. Authentication Center provides the link between the SIM card and the network through a key that helps in radio connection. The Gateway Mobile Switching Center is responsible for obtaining Mobile Station Roaming Number that helps in call termination.The other element of the GSM network is the OSS (Operation and Support Subsystem). Itââ¬â¢s the component that connects the NSS and BSC. The GSM network is controlled and monitored by this element. It also used to monitor traffic load that goes through the BSS. The connection between OpenBTS and other GSM network components OpenBTS can be connected to GSM through software or hardware. The software elements are the GNU Radio and the Asterisk. This is a software suite that has several modules that are combined with minimal hardware and used in implementing radio systems in personal computers. Itââ¬â¢s an interface that is graphical with blocks that represent stages through which data flows. This graphical representation is achieved through the use of Python programming language (David ;Samra, 13). The asterisk is the communication server that provides the capability that enables BTS to route calls accurately, perform correct registration and authentication processes in the GSM networks. The asterisk enables the network to read the Subscriber Identity Modules as the SIP user, and their International Mobile Subscriber Identity as the SIP username. This is achieved by connecting the Asterisk PBX to the OpenBTS. The other way of connecting OpenBTS to GSM network is through the use of hardware such Motherboard Ettus Research Universal Software Radio Peripheral. Also, daughterboards RFX900 with VERT900 antennas and GSM terminals equipped with SIM cards is required. The connection is made through motherboard that can accommodate several daughterboards (David ; Samra, 13). The interface between the motherboard and the daughterboards is provided by USB cable that can transmit Radio frequency bandwidth.Cost of OpenBTS and other components Compared to the traditional cell networks, OpenBTS is low in cost as most of the components needed are easily available. The software and the equipment used to create an OpenBTS through GSM network are readily available in stores and online (Heimerl et al., 3). This has made OpenBTS cost effective as compared to the traditional landline network or the other cellular networks such satellite. The only challenge that OpenBTS faces are the availability of power in rural areas that are of the grid. The use of other sources of power could prove to be expensive and drive the cost of the network high especially in a developing country where income levels are low.Feasibility of OpenBTS in the rural areaThe feasibility of OpenBTS in providing internet access in the rural and remote area is great. Through the use of simple and easily available material, networks that can cover a radius of up to 15miles is easily created (Heimerl et al., 3). This would drastically improve the coverage area of these of grid areas that would otherwise be impossible to reach. Various advantages would come with Using OpenBTS to provide internet to the rural area. The cost of OpenBTS is low compared to other forms of such as satellite or landline. The equipment and technology required to build OpenBTS are affordable and readily available. However, there are also the cons of OpenBTS (David ; Samra, 13). Several regulations hinder the development and use of this technology. The process of getting approval to develop OpenBTS network can be tiresome in some countries. Also, the radius covered by OpenBTS network can be relatively small requiring the creation of multiple networks to cover wide areas. OpenBTS in Indonesia In Indonesia, the OpenBTS is provided by an American startup Endaga. The company operates the module through the Village Base Station which is mounted on the small box and mounted on metallic poles (Heimerl ; Brewer, 3). The equipment is powered by solar panels that are mounted on the same pole. The box is further fit with management software that performs billing and analytics functions. These stations combine the function of a traditional GSM equipment and programmable computer allowing them to provide more value. They provide both voice and data capabilities to the rural villages. After experiencing success with this innovation in two primary towns, Endaga is preparing to expand to other locations within the country and the continent. Conclusion For the two first century to truly be a century of technological advance, there must be an equal distribution of internet services. Both the rural and urban areas must be covered effectively by internet services. There has been concentration on the urban areas with the number of services providers in these areas going up. However, the rural and poor areas have been given little attention or at times completely neglected. Most developing countries in Africa and Asia lack essential internet connectivity. In the areas where the services are available, they are still expensive for many who are poor. The OpenBTS promises to solve the two-fold problem that many remote and poor areas are facing. Since it allows for firms to provide for cheap internet services, it will eliminate the problem of affordability. Also, it will also offer off-grid areas that lack power. Through innovation like the one that has been exhibited by Endaga, it is now possible to provide internet services in any area. It is now upon the various governments of the developing nations to ensure that right policies that will facilitate the development of the concept is in place. How to cite OpenBTS, Papers gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-87713592172664218762019-12-06T20:32:00.001-08:002019-12-06T20:32:05.133-08:00Caborn geography Essay Example For Students Caborn geography Essay CabornThe topographic map that is the study area is the Caborn quadrangle. This area is located in the southwest area of Indiana and on the south is bordering the Ohio River. The topography of this area is pocketed with gently rolling hills with the largest depression in the land just north of the Ohio River with Goose pond located in the center of it. This study area is located in the Wabash lowland of Indiana and its bedrock consists of mainly of shale and sandstone. There is also a thin layer of bedrock consisting of limestone, clay and coal. There are three major routes of transportation through this area which are the Ohio River, the railroad, and highway 62. The Ohio River in the southern area of the study region is one of the main transportation routes. The Southwind Maritime Center is a river port located on the Ohio River and is located on the west side of the map. This port is a state-of-the-art river port with advanced material handling technologies. The port is specifically designed to handle in or out bound container cargo. The port is also a designated Foreign Trade Zone providing advantages to companies in this area involved in international trade. This Port is more than 740 acres and is home to a wide variety of companies. The Southwind Maritime Center is also easily accessible by railroad and a four-lane freeway as shown on map where they are located just north of the port. The railroad as shown on the map runs from the northeastern corner to the mid-west side. Highway 62 runs from the east to west along the middle of the map. The highway and railroad provide transportation routes back and forth between Mount Vernon and Evansville. The Caborn quadrangle is located in Posey County, Indiana. There are 491 farms in Posey County. Eighty-five percent of the total land in this county is farmland according to Bureau of the Census in 1992. According to the Bureau of Labor statistics about forty percent of the work force in Posey County works some sort of manufacturing job and this shows the importance of Southwind Maritime center to this region. The study area has a humid, continental climate with warm summers and cool winters. The average temperatures for this region vary from 37 F in the winter to 80 F in the summer. The growing season is approximately 180 to 210 days with the average annual rainfall of 45 inches. The forests of this region consists of deciduous trees, mainly oak, hickory, maple and ash.The study area is in the southern region of the Corn Belt and the major cash crop being c orn.BibliographyCarbon Quadrangle. Map. U.S.G.S., 1975Atlas of American Agriculture. Washington, United States Govt. print. off., 1936. U.S. Bureau of the Census, USA Counties. 1996 CD-ROM1995 County Business Patterns for Posey, INIndiana Geological Surveyhttp://www.indiana.edu/igs/ gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-57899227233910875172019-11-29T08:35:00.001-08:002019-11-29T08:35:02.837-08:00Ecology Exam 1 Essay ExampleEcology Exam 1 gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-53832060269576732992019-11-25T14:31:00.001-08:002019-11-25T14:31:02.139-08:00Composite Numbers What Are They How Can You Spot ThemComposite Numbers What Are They How Can You Spot Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you know the difference between prime and composite numbers? If not, donââ¬â¢t worry! Youââ¬â¢ve come to the right place. In this post, weââ¬â¢ll talk about what prime and composite numbers are and give you a handy chart you can use to quickly see if something is a composite number. What Is a Composite Number? Composite numbers are whole numbers that are greater than 1 and divisible by other whole numbers. Here are the questions to ask yourself to decide if a number is composite: Is the number a whole number? Is the number greater than 1? Is the number divisible by whole numbers other than itself? Letââ¬â¢s apply those questions to two different numbers to see if they are composite or not. Take the number ââ¬Å"4â⬠. 4 is a whole number. It is greater than 1. You can divide 4 by 4. You can also divide 4 by 2, so itââ¬â¢s divisible by other whole numbers. That means 4 is a composite number. Letââ¬â¢s look at the number ââ¬Å"3â⬠. 3 is a whole number. Itââ¬â¢s greater than 1. You can divide 3 by 3. But, you canââ¬â¢t divide 3 by any other whole numbers. That means 3 isnââ¬â¢t a composite number. How to Tell the Difference Between Prime and Composite Numbers If a number isnââ¬â¢t composite, then itââ¬â¢s prime. Prime numbers are numbers that are greater than 1 that are only divisible by themselves and the number 1. The best way to tell if a number is prime or composite is to perform the divisibility test. When you use the divisibility test, you check to see if a number is divisible by common prime factors, like 2, 3, 5, 7, ,and 13. If youââ¬â¢re testing an even number, start by trying to divide it by 2 to see if itââ¬â¢s composite. If youââ¬â¢re testing a number that ends with 0 or 5, try to divide it by 5. If you get a whole number when dividing by any of these common factors, then your number is composite. If you get a fraction or decimal when dividing by these common factors, then your number is likely prime. Composite Number Chart (1-100) Here is a handy composite number list to reference. All of the numbers in blue are composite numbers. Prime Number Chart (1-100) Hereââ¬â¢s an easy-to-reference prime number list. All of the numbers in red are prime numbers. Final Thoughts Itââ¬â¢s important to know whether a number is prime or composite so you can understand whether or not the number is divisible. Remember, ask yourself these questions to tell if a number is a composite number or not: Is the number a whole number? Is the number greater than 1? Is the number divisible by whole numbers other than itself? Whatââ¬â¢s Next? Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about?Our guide to research paper topicshas over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you. Learning about natural logs?Check out our guide on the natural log rules you must knowto ace this subject. What is dynamic equilibrium and what does it have to do with rusty cars?Find out by reading ourcomplete guide to dynamic equilibrium. gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-90231670993355603922019-11-21T21:55:00.001-08:002019-11-21T21:55:03.222-08:00UNIT 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1UNIT 5 - Essay Example When management carries out its duties effectively by attaining desired results, then that defines doing things the right way. On the other hand, when management does things efficiently, that is accomplishing set goals in the required way, then that is doing the right thing. Setting measurable goals such as budgets and production levels gives the manager a chance to analyze reasons for missing certain goals. Reasonable and measurable goals help managers to expose reasons that results into struggles of working staff. In addition, measurable goals help in preventing miscommunication among members of the organization. Without measurable goals, employees morale decreases because staff members feel that they work without direction. It, therefore, is through setting up of measurable goals that employees prove to their managers their worth and goals. Every project goal has its critical dimensions. Three of these critical dimensions include cost, scope and schedule of the project in question. For any project, the manager must put into consideration cost of materials that the entire project may require. Secondly, the required release date of the project makes it necessary for a manager to treat schedule with significance (Sanzo et al.,à 2012). Finally, project managers also need to take care of the project scope. Project scope involves performance requirements and any other set features in the project goal. The most common types of project managerââ¬â¢s charts are the PERT Chart and Gantt chart. Both PERT and Gantt charts help managers to plan their projects in a manner that enables the project team to visualize the project as a whole or in part (Bowen, 2014). However, PERT and Gantt display varied contrasts. Gantt charts describe tasks dependencies, onset and ending times for project tasks while PERT charts describe parallel activities and that are sequential. Gantt charts mainly depict simple related tasks whereas PERT charts focus on gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-13922099227839451942019-11-20T17:40:00.001-08:002019-11-20T17:40:03.151-08:00COSTS OF PRODUCTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsCOSTS OF PRODUCTION - Essay Example To understand the concept indivisibility of some factor inputs, we can look at some examples from the Tropical Smoothie cafà ©. Some of the indivisible inputs include the business idea, entrepreneurial skills, and the skills of individual workers among others. In thisà case, it isà clear that not all inputs all divisible. Therefore, the indivisible inputs should be utilized efficiently to avoid wastage. There exist several characteristics or features of a competitive market structure. For instance, there are no barriers to entry in the market. In this regard, firms are free to penetrate or exit the market on their own pleasure. As a result, there are many small firms that serve the entire market such that no firm has sufficient power to control the market (Dwivedi, 2006). Therefore, the price of commodities in such a market are determined by the forces of demand and supply. In essence, the firms have to set prices that are in line with the existing market price. Generally, it can be arguedà that the firms in such a market are price takers. Van & Camesasca (2001) state that a perfectively competitive firm offers identical products to that of competitors. In this regard, the consumers can switch from one firm to the other since all products are close substitutes. Actually, the products serve the same customersââ¬â¢ needs and wants and, therefore, firms are forced to devise unique means of surviving the competition. In essence, the homogeneity of products in perfectively competitive markets creates a cut-throat contest among the firms in the competition. Perfectly competitive firms operate with resources that are easily transferable from one industry to another. In essence, the firms are flexible to changes and, therefore, can fit in more than one industry. Studies have shown that most perfectly competitive firms do not operate in one industry for their entire life of gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-16809564835421240902019-11-18T17:39:00.001-08:002019-11-18T17:39:03.210-08:00Urban air pollution and the automobile Research PaperUrban air pollution and the automobile - Research Paper Example The atmosphere of the earth is a thin cover composed of different gases and water vapors and is a great blessing for mankind as it surrounds the whole earth and sustains the human life on this planet. The vertical thickness and density of the atmosphere depends upon different ecosystems. The atmosphere along with its different ecosystems plays a significant role to maintain the overall planetââ¬â¢s temperature and in provision of coal, oil, food crops, and drinking water to human society. Man has exploited endlessly the available resources and has always assumed that they are inexhaustible. Today human has realized that he has been constantly disturbing the ecological balance and fast finishing the life-supporting systems on the earth. Urban pollution is caused by many factors like industrial and thermal power plants, but more importantly by vehicular emissions. As a result, the outdoor air quality in urban areas has deteriorated significantly. Statistics reveals that in last 30 t o 40 years, the concentrations of suspended particulate matter in huge cities like Mexico, New York, Tokyo, Mumbai, Karachi, Seoul, Beijing, Bangkok, and New Delhi etc were four to five times higher than levels recommended by world health organization (Brown, 1999). A substantial increase in the number of vehicles on urban roads continues to drive up levels of urban air pollution. Common gases emitted by vehicles include carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides, and ozone. These all gases are dangerous to human health beyond certain levels of concentration. Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons released by diesel-powered vehicles are known carcinogens, while smoke from diesel engines has aggravated already elevated levels of airborne soot. Nitrous oxides are emerging air pollutants with the highest concentrations recorded in metropolitans. Thesis Statement. People have right to use car, but there are many solution to save our environment; such as, public transportation and government should make rules to use car. The following paragraphs will deal this statement by describing the beneficiary management and role of public transportation, fuel used by different types of cars, and the corrective preventive measures to control the urban pollution produced by automobiles. II. Public Transportation As compared to 100 years ago, no doubt today human being is enjoying much better mode of travelling throughout the world like presently cars, buses, trams, trains, and subways are facilitating millions of human being daily. According to World Resource Institute (2008), all these transportations contribute to almost 25% of the overall global energy consumption while cars are responsible for about 80%. Since automobiles are major cause of emission of greenhouse gases in atmosphere (Fenger et al, 1999), therefore in respect of urban pollution, the use of public transport is very beneficial because per head it produces less greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere than cars. Secondly, the us e of public transportation is cost effective both at individual and national level. Although the use of public transportation is less glamorous, however, it keeps the individual free of searching the parking, fuel, and maintenance of personal vehicle. An integrated and well-planned network of public transportation have shown much better results in reduction of greenhouses gases and other pollutant material into air. For example in United States, there were almost 1.6 cars for every two Americans in 2005 while at the same time 160 Americans were entertained by a single trolleybus. By the advent of trams in Europe, great results have been observed. Trams and trains carry millions of people inside the city on regular basis and thus prevent the society from further automobile pollution which could have been occurred by the use of their passengers. III. Fuel of Vehicles Numbers of fuel options are available now days for the owners to use in their vehicles. However, gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-47092955374314459022019-11-16T06:11:00.001-08:002019-11-16T06:11:06.247-08:00Energy Policy For Libya Environmental Sciences EssayEnergy Policy For Libya Environmental Sciences Essay Libya is Africas largest oil producing and exporting country, located in the heart of North Africa, the country is home to 6 million inhabitants distributed over an area covering 1,750,000 Km2. Crude oil is an integral part of the Libyan economy and forms the basis on which the Libyan energy policy is formed, however, with increasing global drive towards more sustainable and renewable energy sources, admits issues of climate change, and global warming, there has been renewed and concerted efforts shown by nations around the world to adopt more sustainable energy sources, this has been highlighted in varied global convections and treaties amongst which are, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, the 2009 Copenhagen summit to mention but a few. This paper attempts to highlight the place of a developing nation and major oil producer and exporter like Libya in renewed efforts to ensure lower dependence on fossil fuel sources, the countrys current energy policies and the state or extent of renewable en ergy resource in the country admits global CO2 reduction targets of 80% by 2050 to stem human contributions to climate change and global warming from fossil fuels. LIBYAN ENERGY BACKGROUND In Libya, the daily average of solar radiation on a horizontal plane is 7.1 kWh/m2/day within coastal regions, and 8.1 kWh/m2/day in the southern region, with average sun duration of more than 3500 hours per year (Saleh Ibrahim, 1993). The national electric grid consists of high, medium and low voltage networks of about 12,000 km, 12,500 km and 7,000 km power lines respectively with an installed capacity is 5600 MW and a peak Load of 3650 MW (Saleh Ibrahim et al., 1998). However, despite the remarkable energy network for a population of 6 million, energy is mainly concentrated in the major cities as many villages and remote areas are located far away from these networks. The small population and small consumption needs of these areas make their connection to the grid less economically viable. This has led to the use of small diesel generators in these areas contributing albeit minimally to the CO2 emissions. Furthermore the total dependence on fossil fuel sources for the generation o f electricity for the national grid belies the tenets of conventions and treaties on climate change, global warming and sustainable energy development. This however calls for the proper assessment of current energy policies in Libya and the place of renewable energy. Libyan renewable energy resource has the potential to provide clean and reliable energy sources which can be used in many applications in remote areas (electricity, water pumping, etc.) and even contribute to the national grid. Albeit the use of renewable energies has been introduced in a wide range of applications due to its convenience and economic attractiveness, application on a much larger scale in Libya has been hampered by the relative abundance of cheaper crude oil sources. GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND CLIMATE CHANGE Carbon emission has witnessed a meteoric rise since the turn of the Industrial age, Industrial processes have churned up 37 percent of amount of carbon in the atmosphere to date (Boden et al, 2009), Since the advent of industrialization, massive use of fossil fuels for energy generation have been recorded, there has been increase in the amount of gaseous waste produced in homes, and from transportation. These Gases collectively result in forming a layer in the earths atmosphere shielding radiated sunlight from the earths surface, depleting earths ozone layer and causing general warming of the earth. The effect of these gases is known as the green house effect, the process of gradual warming of the earth is Global warming and the gases are referred to as green house gases. The gradual increase in the earths overall temperatures has a telling effect on activities and life contained in it. Scientist predict, that rising green house gas levels would result in greater earth warming and invariably melting of the ice caps, increase in ocean mean water levels (20mm by 2020), increased flooding of coastal lands enhanced drought in arid lands (IPCC, 2007) etc, and these are part of the deleterious effect of climate change, which has led to a global outcry for the reduction in the emission of gases that give rise to this effect and the setting of CO2 reduction target of 80% by the year 2050. The earth is said to have warmed up by 0.740C over the last hundred years and about 0.40C of this occurred in the last decade (DEFRA, 2006). Agreements, declarations and treaties have been made in summits top on the list of which is the Copenhagen Summit of 2009 borne to develop and exploit means for carbon capture and storage, The Rio declaration of 1992 was to outline support for protection of the environment from the deleterious activities of man, while the Kyoto protocol of 1997, outlined the six major green house gases and set targets for governments to cut down on the production of these gases as waste. Human Drivers Greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere by various mechanisms, chief amongst them is the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. Over the past fifty years, growth of the world economy has been hinged on worldwide energy use this has resulted in increase in global concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the air. The Kyoto Protocol highlighted anthropogenic emissions as a major cause and as an addendum listed six greenhouse gases. The KYOTO Protocol In 1997, the United Nations having evaluated the potential threat of global warming and the attendant causes (anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases) proceeded to outlined the six major greenhouse gases and set targets (of 80% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050) for national governments to cut down on the generation of these gases as waste or emit them as pollutants. The summit held in Kyoto Japan, entered into force in 2005. The Protocol which shared the ultimate objective of the Convention in Kyoto, Japan was to ensure that nations take steps to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases ensuring that they do not exceed levels that will enhance dangerous interference with the already delicate climate system. The convention also attempted to build upon with a view to enhancing many of the commitments that were already in place under the Convention (UNFCCC 2007). Albeit the Kyoto Protocol was influenced by political factors, its ratification by most countries may be justified in light of the peculiar features of the global warming debacle, the existence of uncertainties, non-linearities and irreversibilities, possible catastrophes with small probabilities, asymmetric distribution of impacts, and the very long planning horizon (IPCC, 1996). The scientific uncertainties enshrouding the climate change and global warming still remain a rallying point for critics. The Kyoto Protocol tackles emissions of six greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2); methane (CH4); nitrous oxide (N2O); hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); perfluorocarbons (PFCs); Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). CURRENT LIBYAN ENERGY CLIME The Libyan economy has been heavily dependent on the hydrocarbon industry since the discovery of crude oil. In 2008, the hydrocarbon industry in Libya accounted for over 95% of the countrys export earnings, 85-90% of fiscal revenues and over 70% of Libyas gross domestic product (GDP) (IMF 2009). Libya holds the largest crude oil deposit in Africa amounting close to 44 billion barrels of oil reserves (OGJ 2010). EIA 2008 data indicate that 2008 total oil production in Libya was approximately 1.88 million barrels per day (bbl/d). Energy is the backbone of the economy availability of cheap energy compared to other Mediterranean countries has helped to the expansion of all sectors, like industry, commerce, construction and services. However, as much gas is found in the crude (associated gas), Libya engages in gas flaring activities (to get rid of associated gas) thus ensuring a steady and direct injection of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. LIBYAN CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES Current energy supply in Libya cannot be considered as sustainable sources of energy, with increasing cost of energy from attendant increase in exploration and refining cost, there is also the case of fuel sources being limited and environmental problems. Fossil fuel is limited or finite and Libya relies on energy from two limited conventional sources. Oil: With total discovered resources estimated to 44 billion bbl. Natural Gas: With total discovered resources estimated to 1300 billion m3. It is estimated that Libyas oil resources will not last more than 50 years with current rate of exploration and production, albeit natural gas is expected to last a little longer (Saleh 2006) It is projected that by the year 2050, prices of crude oil barrel may reach more than $200 while Libya would require about 70 million barrels of oil per year for electricity production requirement costing about 14 billion dollars annually. This would ultimately result in pressure on crude oil sources, its availability and increase in cost of generating electricity therefore underpinning the need for more sustainable forms of energy. By contrast, the abundance of potential sustainable energy in Libya decries the dependence on fossil fuels for example; the solar radiation in Libya is equivalent to a layer of 25 cm of crude oil per year on the land surface. Energy and emissions figures in libya Jacqueline 2000 reports that the amount of greenhouse gases emitted determines the magnitude and rate of future climate change, the sensitivity of climate to these gases and the degree to which the effects are modified by aerosol emissions. Libya, with 2002 estimations, had a 69.2 % energy consumption from oil and 30.8 % from natural gas, the emissions of CO2 attributed mainly to oil (71.7 %) and (28.3 %) natural gas (EIA, 2005), this means invariably that the energy sector which is the main source of greenhouse emissions in Libya depends mainly on fossil fuels (oil and natural gas). CO2 emission in Libya is put at 55.5 million tonnes per annum in 2009 following United Nations reports relating to 9.19 tonnes per capita and 31.5 tonnes per kilometre square (World Bank 2010). Libyan Energy consumption by Sector Current Libyan Energy consumption shows a total dependence on energy from fossil fuel sources. With domestic consumption of 273,000 bbl/d in 2008, shared within the sectors as described below. Residential 34% Industry 27% Commercial 27% Transport 12% Source: Oil and Gas Directory 2010. Figure 1: Current energy consumption in Libya by sector Table 1: Energy Production in Libya Type Production Consumption Export Natural Gas 12 b m3/y 3 b m3/y 9 b m3/y Oil 0.6 b bbl/y 0.1 b bbl/y 0.5 b bbl/y Electicity 20 T Wh/y Source: Saleh 2006 Environmental Impact Carbon Implication/ Future projections Libyan power stations utilize only fuel from fossil sources to generate electricity, and with the high demand of energy, from all the sectors which is estimated to more than double by 2050, there is going to be substantial increase in CO2 emissions by 2050, thus raising atmospheric carbon levels and contributing ever so gravely to the already deteriorating state of the climate. With the varied effect of global warming already being felt steps need to be taken to limit further emissions and manage present situation. Anthropic emissions of CO2 amounted to 26 billion tonnes in 2004. In a reference scenario extrapolating current trends, CO2 emissions are set to double by 2050, to more than 50 billion tonnes of CO2 a year. Continuing this trend would lead to an atmospheric concentration of CO2 exceeding 1,000ppm (parts per million) at the end of the 21st century, a concentration that is totally unacceptable in terms of its climate impact and its socio-economic consequences (IFP 2007). Global Warming Trends/ Future Trends In a bid to predict future climate change conditions, Scientists develop mathematically-based climate models. Adopting different assumptions on how various factors play to predict how atmospheric CO2 levels and temperatures will change in future. The variables in each model include: Population growth rate Economic development Energy use Efficiency of energy use Mix of energy technologies The graph below shows the results from three climate models used by the IPCC, with predictions starting in 1990 and ending in the year 2100. In all three, the global population rate rises during the first half of the century, and then declines. The A1B model assumes rapid economic growth and increased equity-the reduction of regional differences in per-person income. New and more efficient technologies are introduced, without relying heavily on a single energy source. The A1F1 model is the same as A1B, but assumes the continued use of fossil fuel-intensive technologies. In the B1 model, the world moves rapidly from a producer-consumer economy toward a service and information economy. There is a reduction in the use of raw materials, and an emphasis on clean and efficient technologies and improved equity. Other models have been developed, each based upon a different set of assumptions. Figure 2: Adapted from IPCC, Third Assessment Report on Climate Change, 2001. Global temperature increases predicted by three different IPCC climate models. Although differing in degree, these three climate prediction models show similar trends: The projected rate of global warming in the future is much larger than the rate of global warming during the 20th century. Predicted rates of global warming are greater than any seen in the past 10,000 years. (Exploring earth 2009) From the chart above it is clear where we have to take a stand. With the above stated premise and the statistical review, it is imperative to develop a strategy that first curtails present carbon emissions and subsequently reduces the overall generation from various sources described above. MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE VIA LIBYAN ENERGY POLICY INCORPORATING RENEWABLE ENERGY Strategies for reducing CO2 emissions by 80% by 2050 and Implementation Techniques Taking into cognisance current emission trends and sectors fingered in CO2 emissions, cutting down of emission cannot be over emphasized. A proactive approach to detailing of strategic plans of action for implementation must take into account past emission log; fully understand the current situation and project reduction measures that proffer solutions through a cost effective and practicable approach. To achieve these, the need to fully understand the scope of the problems at hand is imperative. To this end, I propose a utilitarian based all inclusive approach to reducing 80% emission by 2050. My approach is based on the incorporation of renewable energy in the Libyan energy policy. Libyan Renewable Energy Potential Libyan geographical location positions 88% of its area in the Sahara desert region of Africa, where there is a high propensity of solar energy which can be used to generate electricity via solar energy conversions, of both photovoltaic panels, and or thermally. According to the trans Mediterranean interconnection for concentrating solar power (MED-CSP)highlights Libyas renewable energy potention as depicted in the table below. Table 2: Renewable energy sources for Libya Type Potentiality Solar electricity 140,000 TWh/y Wind electricity 15 TWh/y Biomass 2 TWh/y Total 157,000 TWh/y Source: Saleh 2006 .This shows enough renewable resource potential to meet 3 times electricity demand in Libya by the year 2050 Renewable energy hold advantages over conventional fossil fuel sources for the provision of energy in that they portend convenience and are economically effective and viable in many areas of applications. Libyan renewable energy resource consists of photovoltaic conversion of solar energy, solar thermal applications, wind energy, and Biomass Solar Energy conversion of solar energy in Libya for electricity generations could be in two forms, the utilization of photovoltaics or solar thermal application. Thermal Conversions Solar heaters were introduced in Libya in 1983 with a pilot project that included 10 systems. The effectiveness of these systems has led to installation of about 2000 additional solar heaters. Figures show that water heating consumes about 12% of energy from national electricity production however, fundamental issues limit wider application of thermal converters for water heating in Libya, these issues include; Absence of decentralised national or personal electricity generation industry. Lack of information for the people. Low electric energy tariff. Solar Photovoltaics Operating on the simple principle of direct conversion of solar power into electricity, achieved by the agitation of electrons in P-N junctions by photons which thus creates an electric current which is tapped of by conducting wires. PV resource potential within Libya is enormous; current small scale applications highlight the use of PV in the following areas; PV in Microwave Communication Networks Amongst the 500 repeater station in Libya, 9 have been run by photovoltaic systems up until the end of 1997 producing a total peak power of 10.5 KWp. Of these, four still run after 26 years of work, with minimal maintenance as the batteries which they use are open type batteries and were replaced three times with an average lifetime of eight years. With the technical and economical success of PV systems, all communication networks previously powered by diesel generators were converted to PV systems thus effectively bringing the total number of PV run station to about 80. The total installed photovoltaic peak power by 2005 was around 420 KWp. (Saleh Ibrahim et al., 2003). PV in Cathodic protection Saleh Ibrahim et al., (2004), showed it cost $1.4 to supply one KWh of daily supply load of 15 KWh for a cathodic protection (CP) station located 5 Km from a 11 KV electric grid. Also another study showed that PV systems were more convenient and economical for the production of a daily CP load of 7.5 KWh from a distance of more than 1.2 Km from the 11 KV electric grid. This highlighted the importance and value of PV systems and hence their application. Further Future Applications PV systems in Rural Electrification In Libya rural areas face electrification problems because they are far away from the national grid and it wouldnt be economical to extend electric network to low demand areas, to this end the incorporation of PV systems would be invaluable. Currently, Libya plans to electrify rural areas consist of scattered houses, villages, and water pumping with PV systems, these Villages include; Mrair Gabis village, Swaihat village, Intlat village, Beer al-Merhan village, and Wadi Marsit village (Saleh Ibrahim et al., 2006) The installation of PV systems started in the middle of 2003. The total number of systems installed by General Electric company of Libya (GECOL) is 340 with a total capacity of 220 kWp, while the ones installed by the Center of Solar Energy Studies (CSES) and the Saharan Center are 150 with a total power of 125 KWp. The applications are: 380 systems for isolated houses, 30 systems for police stations, and 100 systems for street illumination. The total peak power is 345 KWp. PV for Water pumping The use of PV systems in Water pumping portends great advantages for rural communities as remote wells which are used to supply water for human and live stock that are located in rural places. Environment: It is worthy to note that the environmental impact of PV is less than that of any other renewable (Boyle 2004), however, concerns have been showed for toxic compounds used in the production of some PV e.g. Cadmium. Economics: From the word go, PV systems have continued to improve in cost effectiveness and if such a trend keeps up, it could become a force for contention with fossil fuels. Integration: With no medium for storing of electricity and the fluctuating nature of PV generation problems accrue over integration of PV electricity to the National grid. Although, the grid is designed to cope with massive fluctuations in demand, and similarly fluctuating supply like PV considered negative loads, analyst suggest that without large amounts of cheap electricity storage PV sources cannot make major contributions (Boyle 2004). Presently the conversion efficiency of PV cells is low (15%-30%) so this may hamper possibilities. Wind Energy Since 1940, wind energy has been utilized for water pumping in many oases. The potential of this renewable energy source has not been fully harnesses in Libya especially for powering rural communities and farms and use in irrigation. 2004 Libyan measurements of the wind speed statistics showed that there is a high potential for wind energy in Libya with the average wind speed at a 40 meter height is between 6- 7.5 m/s. The Libyan government has seen the potential in wind energy generation of electricity and have contracted the the project for use of wind energy for electricity production. This project includes the installation of a 25 MW wind farm as a pilot project. Also, a project to prepare two Atlas that provide fast access to reliable solar and wind data throughout Libya is also been contracted for. The Atlas will allow for accurate analysis of the available wind and solar resources anywhere in Libya, and will be therefore be invaluable to the planning of profitable wind farms a nd solar projects. In other to meet the target of an 80% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050, it is imperative to tackle from source electricity generation which utilises fossil fuels by the setting up of an energy policy that seeks to ensure that energy from renewable energy sources contributes 10% to Libyas electricity demand by the year 2020. As stated above, photovoltaic has been used for small and medium sized remote applications with proven economic feasibility; however, several constraints and barriers, including costs exist. The experience of rural applications shows that there is a high potential of building large scale PV plants in the south of the Mediterranean. The potential for utilizing, home grid connected photovoltaic systems, large scale grid connected electricity generation using Wind farms, and solar thermal for electricity generation is great, with capacities of several thousands of MW. At the business end, Libya can expand its electricity generation capacities from its eneormous renewable source to meet the demands of Mediterranean countries, taking advantage of its proximity to the European energy market. This can be considered as a future plan. The potential for Solar energy resources to effectively replace oil and gas has to be harnessed. Renewable energy resources portend good opportunities for technology transfer and international cooperation. In the current Libyan energy clime, the decentralised nature of renewable energy technologies make them particularly well suited for rural energy development further enhancing use of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) adopted by Kyoto Protocol in renewable energy applications that wou ld reduce CO2 emissions. For Proper development of Libyan Renewable energy potential, the following have to be met: Promotion of private investment in transfer of renewable energy technology and services. Introduce renewable energy in formal education curriculum as well as Increase informal education on all energy aspects. Development of policies that support the introduction of renewables via local, national and international partnerships Courage the international investment to invest in the industry. International cooperation that seeks to aid the development and construction of large scale solar energy applications as a pilot project. Development and support, of technical, financial, and institutional, research mechanisms for sustainable development. Development of national energy policies and regulatory frameworks that would aid in the creation of the necessary economic, social and institutional conditions in the energy sector and improve access to reliable, affordable, economically viable socially acceptable and environmentally sound energy services for sustainable development. CONCLUSION Current Libyan energy policy depicts a system that lacks efficiency in the production and consumption of energy, challenge lies in the development of energy efficiency in the various sectors with several barriers including: lack of access to technology, capacity building, and institutional issues. In other to achieve energy efficiency in both energy consumption and production sides, it is imperative to incorporate renewable energy in all energy end-using sectors, the focus is on improving equipment efficiency of services, such as heating and air conditioning equipment, appliances, lighting and motors. On the supply and production side, energy management should focus on incorporation of renewable energy in energy generation, improved industrial processes, co generation and energy recovery systems. Energy efficiency can help reducing cost, preserving natural resources and protecting the environment.. Furthermore, as Libya is a non annex I country under the UNFCCC, and a signatory to the Kyoto protocol, Libya is currently eligible for the CDM. The main emitters of CO2 in 2003 are fuel combustion in the power generation sector. Libyas energy related CO2 emissions increased by more than 78% in one decade mostly due to increased energy supply and significant reduction could be achieved if improved energy utilization efficiency by the major energy sectors is encouraged. Conclusively, The Legislative Act Number 7 of 1982 concerning the protection of the environment which is Libyas biggest environmental protection act looks into a holistic plan to protect the environment, water, land, wildlife, plants, food etc from the deleterious activities of both man and nature. This piece of legislation which has a total of 11 sections and 75 articles was promulgated by the General Peoples Congress, Libyas highest executive authority. Below are the underlisted sections of this legislation: Section 1 General Provisions Section 2 Protection of the Atmosphere Section 3 Protection of Seas and Marine Resources Section 4 Protection of Water Resources Section 5 Protection of Foodstuffs Section 6 Environmental Health Section 7 Protection from Contagious Diseases Section 8 Soils and Plant Protection Section 9 Protection of Wildlife Section 10 Interim Provisions Section 11 Penalties The import of these legislation, and strict enforcements would help Libya in meeting the 2050 target of 80% reduction in CO2 emission. gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-334703003079139803.post-36160827486499348762019-11-13T18:41:00.001-08:002019-11-13T18:41:04.346-08:00Psychos in our mist :: psychopathic behavior For most of us the idea of a psychopath conjures up images from movies like "Silence of The Lambs" and characters with names like "Hannibal Lector." Fortunately characters like Hannibal donââ¬â¢t really exist. Serial killers and people involved in ritual torture are rare, but psychopathic behavior is more common than you might think. I have known several psychopaths in my life. The clearest case involved an older teen who had no sense of guilt. He could learn the rules, but he had no sense of conscience. The only thing that saved him was a mother who loved him, took him to counseling for years and spent a great deal of time patiently teaching him right from wrong. I remember a conversation where he told me, "People know when something is wrong because it feels wrong. I have to remember or be reminded that stealing from someone is wrong. I donââ¬â¢t feel bad if I take something." Meeting this young boy changed my opinion of a psychopathic personality. Why? Because children with this condition are "emotionally blind." And while I do not excuse cruelty or criminal behavior, I have sympathy and appreciate how hard it is for some people to learn how to act responsibly. Without help, potentially psychopathic children will become adults who never remain attached to anyone or anything for long. They may end up living a "predatory" lifestyle, feeling little or no regret, and having little or no remorse - except when they are caught or about to be locked up. A psychopath is not necessarily a bad person. But they are prone to have problems with society, rules, expectations and relationships. A psychopath will use people for excitement, entertainment, to build their self-esteem and they invariably value people in terms of their material value (e.g. money, property, comfort, etc..). They can involve and get other people into trouble quickly and they seem to have no regret for their actions. To date there is no checklist of behavior and symptoms that will tell you with certainty whether or not a person is a psychopath. But there are warning signs. The following warning signs are based on my experience but primarily research conducted by Robert Hare, Ph.D - the leading expert on the Psychopathic Personality. Characteristics of a Psychopath superficial charm self-centered & self-important need for stimulation & prone to boredom deceptive behavior & lying conning & manipulative little remorse or guilt gregorymorgan1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/03632782474261092456noreply@blogger.com0